Exercícios sobre verbos regulares e irregulares

(FCM PB/2017)

Brazil’s Leaders Tout Austerity

Brazil’s sickly economy is hemorrhaging thousands of jobs a day, States are scrambling to pay police officers and teachers, and money for subsidized meals is in such short supply that one legislator suggested that the poor could “eat every other day.” Still, not everyone is suffering. Civil servants in the judicial branch are enjoying a 41 percent raise. Legislators here in São Paulo, Brazil’s largest city, voted to increase their own salaries by more than 26 percent. And Congress, which is preparing to cut pension benefits around the country, is now allowing its members to retire with lifelong pensions after just two years in office.

Brazil is struggling to pull out of its worst economic crisis in decades, and President Michel Temer says the country needs to curb public spending to do so. Yet, it did not help his dismal approval ratings when he hosted a lavish taxpayer-funded banquet to persuade members of Congress to support his budget cuts, with 300 guests eating shrimp and filet mignon. Outside such rarefied circles, Mr. Temer’s austerity measures are igniting a fierce debate over how the richest and most powerful Brazilians are protecting their wealth and privileges at a time when much of the country is enduring a harrowing economic decline.

“This government talks about austerity for everyone, but of course forces the costs on society’s most vulnerable people,” said Giovana Santos Pereira, 25, a schoolteacher. “It’s ridiculous to the point of being tragic.” Much of the ire revolves around the centerpiece of Mr. Temer’s austerity drive: his success in persuading the scandal-ridden Congress to impose a cap on federal spending for the next 20 years.

Mr. Temer, who rose to power last year after supporting the impeachment of his predecessor, Dilma Rousseff, says the cap, which would limit the growth in spending to the rate of inflation, is needed to scale back ballooning budget deficits. Investors have applauded the measure as a turning point for Latin America’s largest economy. But critics are lashing out at the spending cap, saying it could harm the poor for decades to come, especially in areas like education. Philip Alston, the United Nations special rapporteur on extreme poverty and human rights, said the spending cap placed Brazil “in a socially retrogressive category all of its own.”

The debate is all the more caustic because Mr. Temer’s government is resisting calls to raise taxes on wealthy Brazilians, who still enjoy what some economists describe as one of the most generous tax systems for the rich among major economies. For instance, Brazilians remain exempt from paying any taxes at all on dividends from stock holdings, and they can easily use loopholes to significantly lower taxes on other sources of income.

Economists at the government’s Institute of Applied Economic Research said in a 2016 study that a 15 percent tax on dividends could generate nearly $17 billion in revenue a year, but such proposals have failed to gain traction in a government that has shifted to the right. “The system is engineered to perpetuate inequality, and Temer is doubling down on bets that Brazil needs Greek-style austerity,” said Pedro Paulo Zahluth Bastos, an economist at the Universidade de Campinas, drawing parallels between Brazil’s multiyear slowdown and Greece’s seemingly interminable economic crisis.

Mr. Temer has not been a popular president, and his approval ratings stand at just 10 percent. But his supporters point out that his leftist predecessor, Ms. Rousseff, sought her own austerity measures before her ouster last year, and that his government has promised to maintain some widely popular antipoverty programs expanded by her party years ago.

Mr. Temer’s government says it is reversing the free-spending ways of previous governments. Brazil’s economy shrank about 4 percent in 2016, when its political class was consumed by infighting over the impeachment. But last month, the finance minister, Henrique Meirelles claimed, “the recession has ended.”

Some promising signs of a recovery may be emerging. Foreign investment has increased and, after performing poorly, Brazil’s stock market was one of the best performing in the world in 2016, creating a windfall for the relatively prosperous Brazilians who put money into equities. Mr. Temer is especially bullish, predicting that the economy will grow 3 percent next year. But, the conditions on the streets of cities around Brazil tell a different story, reflecting devilishly complex structural challenges as millions of Brazilians fall into poverty.

Given this scenario, the Brazilian States are facing crippling strikes by public employees over unpaid or inadequate salaries. In the State of Espírito Santo, in Southeast Brazil, a police strike last month produced an anarchic week marked by looting and a surge in homicides.

(Adapted from: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/03/world/americas)

Analyze the following verbs obtained from the text and give their CORRECT classification.

(UECE CE/2014)

Brazil plowed billions of dollars into building a railroad across arid backlands, only for the long-delayed project to fall prey to metal scavengers. Curvaceous new public buildings designed by the famed architect Oscar Niemeyer were abandoned right after being constructed. There was even an ill-fated U.F.O. museum built with federal funds. Its skeletal remains now sit like a lost ship among the weeds.

As Brazil sprints to get ready for the World Cup in June, it has run up against a catalog of delays, some caused by deadly construction accidents at stadiums, and cost overruns. It is building bus and rail systems for spectators that will not be finished until long after the games are done. But the World Cup projects are just a part of a bigger national problem casting a pall over Brazil’s grand ambitions: an array of lavish projects conceived when economic growth was surging that now stand abandoned, stalled or wildly over budget.

Some economists say the troubled projects reveal a crippling bureaucracy, irresponsible allocation of resources and bastions of corruption.
Huge street protests have been aimed at costly new stadiums being built in cities like Manaus and Brasília, whose paltry fan bases are almost sure to leave a sea of empty seats after the World Cup events are finished, adding to concerns that even more white elephants will emerge from the tournament.
“The fiascos are multiplying, revealing disarray that is regrettably systemic,” said Gil Castello Branco, director of Contas Abertas, a Brazilian watchdog group that scrutinizes public budgets. “We’re waking up to the reality that immense resources have been wasted on extravagant projects when our public schools are still a mess and raw sewage is still in our streets.”

The growing list of troubled development projects includes a $3.4 billion network of concrete canals in the drought-plagued hinterland of northeast Brazil — which was supposed to be finished in 2010 — as well as dozens of new wind farms idled by a lack of transmission lines and unfinished luxury hotels blighting Rio de Janeiro’s skyline.

Economists surveyed by the nation’s central bank see Brazil’s economy growing just 1.63 percent this year, down from 7.5 percent in 2010, making 2014 the fourth straight year of slow growth.

President Dilma Rousseff’s supporters contend that the public spending has worked, helping to keep unemployment at historical lows and preventing what would have been a much worse economic slowdown had the government not pumped its considerable resources into infrastructure development.

Still, a growing chorus of critics argues that the inability to finish big infrastructure projects reveals weaknesses in Brazil’s model of state capitalism. First, they say, Brazil gives extraordinary influence to a web of state-controlled companies, banks and pension funds to invest in ill-advised projects. Then other bastions of the vast public bureaucracy cripple projects with audits and lawsuits.

“Some ventures never deserved public money in the first place,” said Sérgio Lazzarini, an economist at Insper, a São Paulo business school, pointing to the millions in state financing for the overhaul of the Glória hotel in Rio, owned until recently by a mining tycoon, Eike Batista. The project was left unfinished, unable to open for the World Cup, when Mr. Batista’s business empire crumbled last year. “For infrastructure projects which deserve state support and get it,” Mr. Lazzarini continued, “there’s the daunting task of dealing with the risks that the state itself creates.”

The Transnordestina, a railroad begun in 2006 here in northeast Brazil, illustrates some of the pitfalls plaguing projects big and small. Scheduled to be finished in 2010 at a cost of about $1.8 billion, the railroad, designed to stretch more than 1,000 miles, is now expected to cost at least $3.2 billion, with most financing from state banks. Officials say it should be completed around 2016. But with work sites abandoned because of audits and other setbacks months ago in and around Paulistana, a town in Piauí, one of Brazil’s poorest states, even that timeline seems optimistic. Long stretches where freight trains were already supposed to be running stand deserted. Wiry vaqueiros, or cowboys, herd cattle in the shadow of ghostly railroad bridges that tower 150 feet above parched valleys. “Thieves are pillaging metal from the work sites,” said Adailton Vieira da Silva, 42, an electrician who labored with thousands of others before work halted last year. “Now there are just these bridges left in the middle of nowhere.”

Brazil’s transportation minister, César Borges, expressed exasperation with the delays in finishing the railroad, which is needed to transport soybean harvests to port. He listed the bureaucracies that delay projects like the Transnordestina: the Federal Court of Accounts; the Office of the Comptroller General; an environmental protection agency; an institute protecting archaeological patrimony; agencies protecting the rights of indigenous peoples and descendants of escaped slaves; and the Public Ministry, a body of independent prosecutors. Still, Mr. Borges insisted, “Projects get delayed in countries around the world, not just Brazil.”

Some economists contend that the way Brazil is investing may be hampering growth instead of supporting it. The authorities encouraged energy companies to build wind farms, but dozens cannot operate because they lack transmission lines to connect to the electricity grid. Meanwhile, manufacturers worry over potential electricity rationing as reservoirs at hydroelectric dams run dry amid a drought.

Then there is the extraterrestrial museum in Varginha, a city in southeast Brazil where residents claimed to have seen an alien in 1996. Officials secured federal money to build the museum, but now all that remains of the unfinished project is the rusting carcass of what looks like a flying saucer.

“That museum,” said Roberto Macedo, an economist at the University of São Paulo, “is an insult to both extraterrestrials and the terrestrial beings like ourselves who foot the bill for yet another project failing to deliver.”

Adapted from http://www.nytimes.com/April 12, 2014.

Choose the alternative that contains only irregular verbs.

(UFMT/2009)

Teacher’s prayer
James J. Metcalf

I want to teach my students how
To live this life on earth,
To face its struggle and its strife
And improve their worth.

Not just the lesson in a book,
Or how the rivers flow,
But how to choose the proper path,
Wherever they may go.

To understand eternal truth,
And know the right from wrong,
And gather all the beauty of
A flower and a song.

For if I help the world to grow
In wisdom and in grace,
Then, I shall feel that I have won
And I have filled my place.

And so I ask my guidance, God
That I may do my part,
For character and confidence
And happiness of heart.

(Disponível em http://www.appleseeds.org/teach_2.htm. Acesso em 18/07/2008.)

Assinale a alternativa em que as duas palavras possuem a mesma função morfológica.

(UFAL/2009)

TO REMEMBER ME
By Robert Noel

The day will come, I know. At a certain moment a doctor will determine that my brain has ceased to function and that my life has stopped. When that happens, do not attempt to introduce an artificial life into my body by the use of a machine.

Instead, give my sight to the man who has never seen a sunrise, a baby’s face or love in the eyes of a woman. Give my heart to a person [ ______ ] own heart has caused nothing but endless days of pain. Give my blood to the teenager who was pulled from the wreckage of his car, so that he might live to see his grandchildren play. Give my kidneys to one who depends on a machine to exist from week to week. Take my bones, every muscle, every fiber and nerve in my body and find a way to make a crippled child walk.

Explore every corner of my brain. Take my cells, if necessary, and let them grow so that, someday, a speechless boy will be able to shout as his team scores a goal and a deaf girl will hear the sound of a rain against her windows.

Burn what is left of me and scatter the ashes to the winds to help the flowers grow.

If you really want to bury something, let it be my faults, my weaknesses and all my prejudice against my fellow man.

Give my sins to the devil. Give my soul to God. If you wish to remember me, do it with a kind deed or word to someone who needs you.

If you do all I have asked, I [ ____ _____ ] forever.

(Adapted from shareyourlife.org January2007)

Complete a frase abaixo com uma das opções.
A speechless boy can’t ____________ .

(UFU MG/2008)

Ancient Roman Glue Sticks Around

Roman warriors repaired their battle accessories with a superglue that is still sticking around after 2,000 years, according to new findings on display at the Rheinischen Landes Museum in Germany. The exhibition “Behind the Silver Mask” presents evidence that the ancient adhesive was used to mount silver laurel leaves on legionnaires’ battle helmets.

“It’s a sensational find and a complete stroke of luck that we were still able to find traces of the substance after 2,000 years,” Frank Willer, the museum’s chief restorer, told Discovery News. Willer was amazed to discover that despite such a long exposure to water, time and air, the superglue did not lose its bonding properties. He said that other Roman battle accessories kept by the museum have traces of silver decorations which most likely had been glued to the iron with the same adhesive and technique. Unfortunately, the objects are too deteriorated to find traces of the superglue.

However, the helmet unearthed in 1986 near Xanten featured enough material to determine how the adhesive was made.

Slightly adapted from http://dsc.discovery.com/news/2007/12/14/romans-glue-helmet.html in January, 2008.

Em inglês, palavras terminadas em “__ing(s)” podem exercer papéis gramaticais distintos, dependendo do contexto de uso. Marque a alternativa que contém palavras que foram utilizadas no texto com função de verbo, de substantivo e de adjetivo, nessa mesma ordem.

(UFSM RS/2007)

Teens life quality affected by a lack of sleep

According to a new survey2 of teenagers across the U.S., many of them are losing out on quality of life because of a lack of sleep.

The poll by the National Sleep Foundation (NSF) found that as a consequence of insufficient sleep, teens are falling asleep in class, lack the energy to exercise, feel depressed and are driving while feeling drowsy3.

The poll1 results support previous studies by Brown Medical School, and Lifespan affiliates Bradley Hospital and Hasbro Children’s Hospital, which found that adolescents are not getting enough sleep, and suggest that this13 can lead to a number of physical and emotional impairments.

Mary A. Carskadon, PhD, with Bradley Hospital and Brown Medical School, chaired6 the National Sleep Foundation poll taskforce and has been a leading authority on teen sleep for more than a decade.

Carskadon, director of the Bradley Hospital Sleep and Chronobiology Sleep Laboratory and a professor of psychiatry and human behavior at Brown Medical School, says the old adage ‘early to bed, early to rise12’ presents a real challenge4 for adolescents.

Her research on adolescent circadian rhythms indicates that the internal clocks of adolescents undergo maturational changes making them different from those14 of children or adults.

But teens must still meet the demands of earlier school start times that make it nearly impossible for them to get enough sleep.

Carskadon’s work has been instrumental in influencing school start times across the country.

Carskadon’s newest finding indicates that, in addition to the changes in their internal clocks, adolescents experience slower sleep pressure, which may contribute to an overall shift in teen sleep cycles to later hours.

Judy Owens, MD, a national authority on children and sleep, is the director of the pediatric sleep disorders center at Hasbro Children’s Hospital and an associate professor of pediatrics at Brown Medical School, and says the results are especially important in light of the fact that 90% of the parents polled believed7 that their adolescents were getting enough sleep during the week.

She says the message to parents is that teens are tired8; but parents can help by eliminating sleep stealers such as caffeinated9 drinks and TV or computers in the teen.s bedroom, as well as enforcing reasonable bed times.

A major report last year by Carskadon, Owens, and Richard Millman, MD, professor of medicine at Brown Medical School, indicated that adolescents aged10 13 to 22 need 9 to 10 hours of sleep each night.

According to the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research at the National Institutes of Health, school-age children and teenagers should get at least 9 hours of sleep a day.

Other studies have also shown that young people between 16 and 29 years of age were the most likely to be involved in crashes5 caused by the driver falling asleep.

The NIH also says without enough sleep, a person has trouble focusing and responding quickly, and there is growing evidence linking a chronic lack of sleep with an increased11 risk of obesity, diabetes, heart disease and infections.

http://www.news-medical.net/?id=16969 – 03/7/06.

O vocábulo “chaired” (ref.6) tem a mesma função gramatical e tempo verbal que:

(UFPI/2006)

Gang violence grips Brazil State

Attacks are continuing in the Brazilian state of Sao Paulo where a wave of coordinated violence since Friday has left at least 81 people dead.
Overnight, gangs torched9 buses5, targeted banks and maintained their attacks on police patrols and stations. At least 23 people were killed in the latest fighting10, officials said. Authorities say the unrest is being directed from inside jail by a criminal gang14 after hundreds of its13 members were sent to maximum security prisons. Correspondents say the violence is an escalation of what many in Sao Paulo are calling a war between the state authorities and the First Command of the Capital (PCC) criminal faction.

Uprisings are said to have been quelled at some 40 jails1, but officials are also struggling to restore order in 29. About 120 people are still being held hostage. Unrest has also been reported in some prisons in neighbouring11 states, including Mato Grosso do Sul and Parana. Following a meeting with the Brazilian president, Justice Minister Marcio Thomaz Bastos is on his way to Sao Paulo to offer the use of both the army and8 an elite police unit. Petrol Bombs Heavily armed gangs held up more than 60 buses15 during a third night of extreme violence in Sao Paulo, clearing6 the passengers off and then setting the vehicles alight. Molotov cocktails were hurled into7 several bank branches and across Sao Paulo city, police stations again came under attack by gangs wielding machine guns, machetes and home-made bombs. There were also several fatal shoot-outs.

On Monday morning, bus terminals and underground stations were closed amid fears of further attacks, making it impossible for many people to get to work. Many worried parents kept their children away from school18. The attacks and riots began on Friday after 700 jailed PCC members were transferred to higher-security facilities20. Violence was reported in various parts of Greater Sao Paulo, as well as towns along the coast, including Guaruja, Santos and Cubatao, and towns in the interior of the state.

Despite the violence, the governor of Sao Paulo state4, Claudio Lembo, has said local authorities can cope, but Brazilian newspapers report that the federal government is eager to send troops to restore order.

Mobile Phones A local public safety official told the Associated Press that authorities had been prepared for a PCC response to the jail transfers but “never imagined it would be so big or ferocious”.

According to authorities, 38 gunmen and 39 police officers and prison guards are among the dead. Those who saw the killing of one police officer said two men wearing12 masks had approached and shot him16 in the head as2 he dined with his wife17.

Founded in 1993, the PCC has been involved in drugs and arms trafficking, kidnappings, bank robberies, and prison breaks and rebellions, police say. The power of the faction has been heightened in recent years21 by the availability of mobile phones, smuggled through prison security3, enabling members to run criminal activities from the safety of their cells.

In November 2003, the gang attacked more than 50 police stations19, killing three police officers and wounding 12. Those attacks were thought to have been orchestrated by PCC leaders in jail.

http://www.bbc.news Monday, 15 May 2006

Assinale a alternativa em que o sufixo “ed” é utilizado com a mesma função da frase:

“Heavily armed gangs held up more than 60 buses…” (linha – 15):

(UFPel RS/2006)

Plagiarism on the internet

For Anna, 22, a final year student in south-east England, internet plagiarism is a natural part of undergraduate life.

For the past three years, she says, she has been submitting essays bought and copied from the internet and passing them off as her own.

She is currently working on her final-year project and most of the materials in the dissertation are coming off the net.

Anna (not her real name) says she cheats because it is easy to get away with it.

“It is easier, because sometimes when you go to the library you can’t find the necessary books or you have too much to read,” she says.

“But I’m always careful. The best way is to combine library materials with essays bought from the internet.”

Texto: http://www.newsbbc.co.uk/1/hi/education/3265143.stm

Pode-se observar, nos parágrafos 2, 3 e 4 do texto, a ocorrência de três tempos verbais distintos na língua inglesa. As afirmativas abaixo contêm idéias relativas a cada um desses tempos verbais.

I. Algo que Anna faz com regularidade.
II. Algo que Anna tem feito há algum tempo.
III. Algo que Anna está fazendo no momento.

Com base nas asserções acima, assinale a alternativa que apresenta a idéia contida em cada um desses tempos verbais, segundo a ordem em que aparecem nos referidos parágrafos.

(UFPI/2006)

Gang violence grips Brazil State

Attacks are continuing in the Brazilian state of Sao Paulo where a wave of coordinated violence since Friday has left at least 81 people dead.
Overnight, gangs torched9 buses5, targeted banks and maintained their attacks on police patrols and stations. At least 23 people were killed in the latest fighting10, officials said. Authorities say the unrest is being directed from inside jail by a criminal gang14 after hundreds of its13 members were sent to maximum security prisons. Correspondents say the violence is an escalation of what many in Sao Paulo are calling a war between the state authorities and the First Command of the Capital (PCC) criminal faction.

Uprisings are said to have been quelled at some 40 jails1, but officials are also struggling to restore order in 29. About 120 people are still being held hostage. Unrest has also been reported in some prisons in neighbouring11 states, including Mato Grosso do Sul and Parana. Following a meeting with the Brazilian president, Justice Minister Marcio Thomaz Bastos is on his way to Sao Paulo to offer the use of both the army and8 an elite police unit. Petrol Bombs Heavily armed gangs held up more than 60 buses15 during a third night of extreme violence in Sao Paulo, clearing6 the passengers off and then setting the vehicles alight. Molotov cocktails were hurled into7 several bank branches and across Sao Paulo city, police stations again came under attack by gangs wielding machine guns, machetes and home-made bombs. There were also several fatal shoot-outs.

On Monday morning, bus terminals and underground stations were closed amid fears of further attacks, making it impossible for many people to get to work. Many worried parents kept their children away from school18. The attacks and riots began on Friday after 700 jailed PCC members were transferred to higher-security facilities20. Violence was reported in various parts of Greater Sao Paulo, as well as towns along the coast, including Guaruja, Santos and Cubatao, and towns in the interior of the state.

Despite the violence, the governor of Sao Paulo state4, Claudio Lembo, has said local authorities can cope, but Brazilian newspapers report that the federal government is eager to send troops to restore order.

Mobile Phones A local public safety official told the Associated Press that authorities had been prepared for a PCC response to the jail transfers but “never imagined it would be so big or ferocious”.

According to authorities, 38 gunmen and 39 police officers and prison guards are among the dead. Those who saw the killing of one police officer said two men wearing12 masks had approached and shot him16 in the head as2 he dined with his wife17.

Founded in 1993, the PCC has been involved in drugs and arms trafficking, kidnappings, bank robberies, and prison breaks and rebellions, police say. The power of the faction has been heightened in recent years21 by the availability of mobile phones, smuggled through prison security3, enabling members to run criminal activities from the safety of their cells.

In November 2003, the gang attacked more than 50 police stations19, killing three police officers and wounding 12. Those attacks were thought to have been orchestrated by PCC leaders in jail.

http://www.bbc.news Monday, 15 May 2006

A melhor tradução para o verbo “torched” (ref.9) é:

(Unifor CE/2007)

Bagging Eternal Plastics

Americans throw away about 100 billion plastic bags every year, mountains of plastic that can last for 1,000 years, give or take a few centuries. And when they are not properly [TO THROW] away, they litter the countryside, killing birds or choking creatures like sea turtles. The bags now flap from so many bushes and trees that some South Africans started calling them their national flower.

Outside the United States, companies and countries are starting to deal with this menace. After Ireland slapped a tax on plastic bags, use [VERB] by 90 percent almost immediately.
In America, where plastic beats paper bags by the ton, San Francisco has become the first major city to start banning nonbiodegradable plastic bags in its larger grocery stores and pharmacies.

Last month the Swedish company Ikea brought its “Bag the Plastic Bag” campaign to America. The stores charge customers for plastic bags (the money goes to a conservation group) and they encourage shoppers to bring their own. The goal of the company was to cut plastic bag use in half – from 70 million per year to 35 million – but it has already done far better than that, cutting use by 80 percent.

As the nation looks for ways to save energy, states and local governments should begin figuring out how to nudge customers toward those carryalls that can be recycled or used again. In the meantime, consumers need to ask [THEY] a few basic questions, such as: How do I stop adding to the world’s polyethylene mountain range, and why do I need a plastic bag when I buy a pack of gum?

(Adapted from The New York Times, April 15, 2007)

O verbo que preenche corretamente a lacuna [VERB], no texto, é: